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Federal Reserve System (FED) investor relations material

Federal Reserve System FOMC Meeting summary

Complete event summary combining all related documents: earnings call transcript, report, and slide presentation.
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FOMC Meeting summary29 Oct, 2025

Economic outlook and labor market trends

  • Economic activity is expanding at a moderate pace, with GDP growth slowing to 1.6% in the first half of the year, down from 2.4% last year, but consumer spending remains strong.

  • Labor market conditions are gradually cooling, with job gains slowing, unemployment edging up but remaining low at 4.3%, and downside risks to employment rising due to lower immigration and labor force participation.

  • Consumer spending, especially among higher-income groups, continues to support growth, while lower-income consumers are pulling back.

  • The supply of workers has dropped sharply, mainly due to immigration and participation trends, reducing the need for new jobs.

  • Uncertainty about the economic outlook is elevated, with downside risks to employment rising in recent months.

Inflation dynamics and monetary policy

  • Inflation has eased from its 2022 highs but remains above the 2% target, with recent readings at 2.8% for both headline and core PCE, and has increased since earlier in the year.

  • Goods inflation has picked up due to tariffs, while services inflation is gradually easing, especially in housing.

  • Tariff-driven inflation is expected to be a one-time price level shift, but there is a risk it could become more persistent.

  • Near-term inflation expectations have risen, but longer-term expectations remain anchored around 2%.

  • The FOMC lowered the policy rate by 25 basis points to 3.75%-4% and decided to end balance sheet runoff as of December 1.

Policy stance, risks, and committee views

  • The policy stance is moving toward neutral, with the committee emphasizing a balanced approach due to two-sided risks: upside for inflation, downside for employment.

  • There are strongly differing views within the committee about the path forward, especially regarding further rate cuts in December.

  • Decisions will be data-dependent, and a further rate cut in December is not a foregone conclusion.

  • The Committee remains prepared to adjust policy as appropriate if risks threaten its goals.

  • Uncertainty from delayed government data may lead to a more cautious approach in upcoming meetings.

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FOMC Meeting10 Dec, 2025
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Frequently asked questions

The Federal Reserve, often referred to as the Fed, is the central banking system of the United States. Established by the Congress to provide the nation with a safe, flexible, and stable monetary and financial system, it performs five general functions to promote the effective operation of the U.S. economy and, more generally, the public interest. These include conducting the nation’s monetary policy, promoting the stability of the financial system, ensuring the safety and soundness of individual financial institutions, fostering payment and settlement system safety and efficiency, and promoting consumer protection and community development. The Federal Reserve is not a publicly listed company; instead, it is a federal institution that operates independently within the government, having both public purposes and private aspects. Its key decision-making body is the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC), responsible for open market operations and monetary policy decisions. The system is headquartered in Washington, D.C.

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