Norfolk Southern
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Norfolk Southern (NSC) investor relations material

Norfolk Southern Q4 2025 earnings summary

Complete event summary combining all related documents: earnings call transcript, report, and slide presentation.
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Q4 2025 earnings summary29 Jan, 2026

Executive summary

  • 2025 was marked by operational resilience, disciplined cost control, and strong safety performance despite a softer-than-expected volume environment and heightened competitive pressures from a pending merger.

  • Achieved over $215 million in annual productivity savings, exceeding full-year targets while improving safety and service metrics.

  • Delivered best injury and accident rates in more than a decade, with zero reportable mainline derailments in Q4.

  • Full-year 2025 revenue was $12.18B, nearly flat year-over-year, as higher shipments were offset by adverse mix and lower fuel surcharges.

  • Adjusted Q4 2025 net income was $725M, up 5% from Q4 2024, and adjusted EPS was $3.22, up 6% year-over-year.

Financial highlights

  • Q4 2025 total revenue declined 2% year-over-year to $2.97B, driven by a 4% drop in overall volume, partially offset by a 2% increase in revenue per unit.

  • Adjusted operating ratio for Q4 was 65.3%; full-year adjusted operating ratio was 65.8%.

  • Adjusted EPS for Q4 was $3.22; full-year adjusted EPS was $12.49, up 5% from 2024.

  • Full-year free cash flow reached $2.2 billion, up nearly $500 million from the prior year, with the highest conversion rate since 2021.

  • Productivity initiatives delivered $216M in annualized savings, exceeding the $150M commitment.

Outlook and guidance

  • 2026 cost base is guided to $8.2–$8.4 billion, accommodating a range of volume scenarios.

  • Capital spending will be reduced by nearly $300 million to $1.9 billion, reflecting improved asset efficiency and network fluidity.

  • The company expects continued softness in Intermodal and seaborne coal, with modest growth in merchandise and utility coal.

  • Productivity savings target for 2026 raised to $150 million, with a three-year cumulative cost takeout of $650 million.

  • Demand environment for 2026 remains uncertain; focus will remain on safety, service, and cost containment regardless of volume.

Productivity savings impact on operating ratio?
What was the Q4 2025 non-core expense impact?
Fuel surcharge impact on full year 2025 revenue growth?
What was the impact of the new wheel integrity system?
How does NS balance pricing with volume growth?
How does the merger enhance competition
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Frequently asked questions

Railway Freight

Norfolk Southern Corporation is an American company that specializes in railway freight and related services. Established in 1982 through the merger of Southern Railway Company and Norfolk and Western Railway, it has grown into a vast network that stretches across the eastern third of the USA and Canada. The company's primary business involves transporting goods across its extensive rail system, which spans approximately 19,500 miles. Norfolk Southern's cargo includes diverse commodities like coal, automotive parts, and agricultural products. The company is headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia, and its shares are listed on the NYSE.

Formation Through a Merger

Norfolk Southern's roots can be traced back to the early 19th century. Two of its earliest ancestor railroads, the South Side Railroad and the Norfolk and Petersburg Railroad, were established in the 1830s in Virginia. The modern Norfolk Southern Corporation was formed on June 1, 1982, following the merger of Southern Railway and Norfolk and Western Railway. This merger was part of a wave of consolidations in the railroad industry, driven by the need for more efficient and competitive operations. One of the most important milestones in its history is the joint acquisition of Conrail with CSX Corporation in 1998. This acquisition expanded Norfolk Southern's reach in the Northeast and Midwest, making it one of the largest rail networks in the United States together with companies such as CSX, Union Pacific, and Canadian National.

Transportation Services

Norfolk Southern operates an extensive network covering approximately 19,500 route miles in 22 states. Its railway transportation services are integral to various sectors of the economy, handling a diverse range of commodities. Norfolk Southern transports everything from commodities such as coal and chemicals to vehicles and consumer goods. The American freight transportation network is one of great importance to the flow of goods across the country, in which Norfolk Southern plays an important role.

Logistics and Intermodal

Norfolk Southern's logistics and intermodal transportation services are pivotal to its business, reflecting a modern approach to freight movement. The company provides intermodal transport services, which involves transferring shipping containers seamlessly between rail, trucks, and ships, providing a flexible and efficient solution for long-distance freight transport. This sector capitalizes on the company's extensive rail network, offering cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternatives to traditional truck transportation. Norfolk Southern also provides comprehensive supply chain management, which complements its transportation services.

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