Cummins (CMI) investor relations material

Market outlook and regulatory environment

• North American truck market has improved over the past six months and is expected to remain strong through year-end, driven by fleet profitability and clarified EPA emissions rules for 2027.

• EPA's semi-final rule provides flexibility for fleets to choose between historic and new powertrains, reducing uncertainty and supporting continued demand.

• Cost increases for end users are expected in 2027 regardless of powertrain choice, likely sustaining demand into late 2026 and moderating the risk of a sharp demand drop.

• Industry values uptime and reliability, favoring current products while gradually adopting new technology to ease transition risks.

• Capacity constraints persist, but the risk of a demand cliff is reduced due to regulatory flexibility and phased technology adoption.

Product strategy and financial implications

• NCPs (non-conforming penalties) will be fully passed on through pricing, keeping profit dollars flat but reducing margin percentage.

• New product launches over the next 18 months focus on improved fluid economy, technological innovation, and enhanced driver experience.

• Initial production of new powertrains will be at low volumes to ensure quality and smooth transition, with broader availability across more OEMs and chassis.

• Decades of experience in pricing and margin expansion with new technology launches; incremental price and margin expected with new engines.

Competitive positioning and OEM relationships

• Maintains a leading independent position in North America, leveraging scale and technology to serve OEMs economically, especially in medium-duty segments.

• Over 90% share in medium-duty and about 40% in heavy-duty engines, with increasing content in OEM products even when not supplying the full engine.

• Strong aftermarket and component sales strategy supports profitability and deepens OEM partnerships.

• Superior fluid economy and resale value drive customer preference, especially among large fleets.